Read the given passage and answer the following questions.

Hybridisation is defined as the phenomenon of mixing of orbitals of nearly the same energy so as to redistribute their energies and to give rise to new orbitals of equivalent energy. It is the valence shell atomic orbitals of the central atom which get hybridised. One of the electrons from an orbital in the ground state electronic configuration of the atom gets promoted to the next available orbital of higher energy resulting in an excited state electronic configuration with the appropriate number of half filled orbitals. The orbitals in the excited state undergo hybridisation giving hybrid orbitals of equivalent energy. Hybrid orbitals generally form either bonds or contain lone pair of electrons, they do not form $π$ bonds. Hybridised orbitals can overlap to a greater extent due to their greater extension in space. Bonds formed by the overlap of hybrid orbitals gives a particular shape to a molecule. Depending on the type of orbitals used the hybridisation may be categorised as : $s p$ (linear), $s p^{2}$ (trigonal planar), $s p^{3}$ (tetrahedral), $s p^{3} d$ (trigonal bipyramidal, $s p^{3} d^{2}$ (octahedral), $s p^{3} d^{3}$ (pentagonal bipyramidal) etc.

The non-linear structure is assumed by

Question

Read the given passage and answer the following questions.

Hybridisation is defined as the phenomenon of mixing of orbitals of nearly the same energy so as to redistribute their energies and to give rise to new orbitals of equivalent energy. It is the valence shell atomic orbitals of the central atom which get hybridised. One of the electrons from an orbital in the ground state electronic configuration of the atom gets promoted to the next available orbital of higher energy resulting in an excited state electronic configuration with the appropriate number of half filled orbitals. The orbitals in the excited state undergo hybridisation giving hybrid orbitals of equivalent energy. Hybrid orbitals generally form either bonds or contain lone pair of electrons, they do not form $π$ bonds. Hybridised orbitals can overlap to a greater extent due to their greater extension in space. Bonds formed by the overlap of hybrid orbitals gives a particular shape to a molecule. Depending on the type of orbitals used the hybridisation may be categorised as : $s p$ (linear), $s p^{2}$ (trigonal planar), $s p^{3}$ (tetrahedral), $s p^{3} d$ (trigonal bipyramidal, $s p^{3} d^{2}$ (octahedral), $s p^{3} d^{3}$ (pentagonal bipyramidal) etc.

The non-linear structure is assumed by

Accepted Answer

Concept: The shape of a molecule is determined by the hybridization of its central atom and the number of lone pairs of electrons. Non-linear molecules typically have sp2 or sp3 hybridization with one or more lone pairs, or sp hybridization with bent geometry due to lone pairs. Why (A) is correct: Let's analyze the hybridization and geometry of each option: A) : Central atom: Sn. Valence electrons = 4. Number of sigma bonds = 2 (with two Cl atoms). Number of lone pairs = lone pair. Steric number = 2 (sigma bonds) + 1 (lone pair) = 3. Hybridization = . Due to the presence of one lone pair, the geometry is bent or V-shaped, which is non-linear. B) : Central atom: C. Valence electrons = 4. Total valence electrons = 5 (N) + 4 (C) + 6 (O) + 1 (charge) = 16. Lewis structure: or or . In the most stable resonance structure, carbon forms two double bonds. Number of sigma bonds = 2. Number of lone pairs on C = 0. Steric number = 2. Hybridization = . Geometry = Linear. C) : Central atom: N. Valence electrons = 5. Total valence electrons = 5 (N) + 2 6 (O) - 1 (charge) = 16. Lewis structure: . Number of sigma bonds = 2. Number of lone pairs on N = 0. Steric number = 2. Hybridization = . Geometry = Linear. D) : Central atom: C. Valence electrons = 4. Lewis structure: . Number of sigma bonds = 2. Number of lone pairs on C = 0. Steric number = 2. Hybridization = . Geometry = Linear. Therefore, is the only non-linear molecule among the given options. Correct Answer: (A)

Still confused?

Practice similar questions