In , the C2 – C3 bond involves the hybridization of the type:
sp2 – sp3
— Concept: Hybridization and Bond Types The hybridization of a carbon atom can be determined by counting the number of…Concept: Hybridization and Bond Types
The hybridization of a carbon atom can be determined by counting the number of sigma bonds and lone pairs around it. For carbon, if it forms:
- Four single bonds (or three single bonds and one lone pair, though not common for carbon in stable organic molecules), it is sp3 hybridized.
- One double bond and two single bonds, it is sp2 hybridized.
- One triple bond and one single bond, or two double bonds, it is sp hybridized.
Let's analyze the hybridization of C2 and C3 in the given molecule: C1H2=C2H-C3H2-C4≡C5H
Why (D) is correct:
Step 1: Determine hybridization of C2.
C2 is involved in a double bond with C1 and a single bond with C3, and it also has one hydrogen atom attached. So, C2 forms three sigma bonds (one with C1, one with C3, one with H) and one pi bond (with C1). Three sigma bonds mean C2 is sp2 hybridized.
Step 2: Determine hybridization of C3.
C3 is involved in a single bond with C2, a single bond with C4, and it has two hydrogen atoms attached. So, C3 forms four sigma bonds (one with C2, one with C4, two with H). Four sigma bonds mean C3 is sp3 hybridized.
Step 3: Identify the C2-C3 bond hybridization.
Based on the above, the C2-C3 bond involves sp2 hybridized carbon (C2) and sp3 hybridized carbon (C3). Therefore, the hybridization type is sp2 - sp3.
Option Analysis:
- A) sp – sp2: Incorrect. C2 is sp2, not sp.
- B) sp3 – sp3: Incorrect. Neither C2 nor C3 are both sp3.
- C) sp – sp3: Incorrect. C2 is sp2, not sp.
- D) sp2 – sp3: Correct, as determined from the hybridization of C2 and C3.
Correct Answer: (D)
sp2 – sp3