Concept: This question tests your understanding of the basic anatomy and composition of the human brain, specifically the cerebral cortex.

Why (C) is correct: The cerebral cortex is indeed the outermost layer of the cerebrum. It is primarily composed of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, and glial cells, which give it a grayish appearance, hence it is called grey matter. This is where higher cognitive functions like thought, memory, language, and consciousness occur.

Why other options are wrong:

(A) The outer layer of cerebrum, called white matter: The outer layer is grey matter, not white matter.

(B) Inner layer of cerebrum, called white matter: The inner layer of the cerebrum is primarily white matter, but the cerebral cortex is the outer layer.

(D) Inner layer of cerebrum, called grey matter: The inner layer is predominantly white matter, and the cortex is the outer layer.

Common Mistake: Students often confuse the location and composition (grey vs. white matter) of different brain regions. Remember that grey matter is typically on the outside in the cerebrum and cerebellum, while white matter is on the inside.

NEET Tip / Mnemonic: Think of "Cortex" as "Cover" – it's the outer covering. And "Grey" for "Great thinking" – where all the processing happens.

Correct Answer: (C)