Concept: This question tests the understanding of synaptic transmission, specifically the events occurring at the post-synaptic membrane upon neurotransmitter binding.

Why (B) is correct: When a neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft, it binds to specific receptors located on the post-synaptic membrane. This binding causes ion channels to open, leading to the influx or efflux of ions, which in turn generates a new electrical potential (either excitatory or inhibitory) in the post-synaptic neuron.

Why other options are wrong:

• (A) Pre-synaptic membrane: This membrane releases neurotransmitters, it does not generate a new potential from their binding.
• (C) Synaptic cleft: This is the space between neurons where neurotransmitters diffuse, not where potentials are generated.
• (D) Synaptic vesicles: These store and release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.

Common Mistake: Students sometimes confuse the roles of the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic membranes, or the function of the synaptic cleft.

NEET Tip: Remember the flow of information: Pre-synaptic neuron $\to$ Neurotransmitter release $\to$ Synaptic cleft $\to$ Post-synaptic membrane (receptor binding and potential generation).

Correct Answer: (B)