Which of the following statements is incorrect
The electron is being removed from orbital to get from
— Let's analyze the molecular orbital configuration of CO and its ions.Let's analyze the molecular orbital configuration of CO and its ions.
The molecular orbital configuration of CO (14 electrons) is: . The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is .
Option A: The electron is being added to orbital to get from
When an electron is added to CO to form , it enters the LUMO, which is the (antibonding) orbital. This statement is correct.
Option B: The electron is being removed from orbital to get from
When an electron is removed from CO to form , it is removed from the HOMO, which is the (bonding) orbital, not the (antibonding) orbital. Therefore, this statement is incorrect.
Option C: In the formation of from , bond length increases
For CO, bond order = (number of bonding electrons - number of antibonding electrons) / 2 = (10 - 4) / 2 = 3.
For , an electron is added to the (antibonding) orbital. So, bond order = (10 - 5) / 2 = 2.5. Since the bond order decreases from 3 to 2.5, the bond length increases. This statement is correct.
Option D: In the formation of from , bond length decreases
For CO, bond order = 3.
For , an electron is removed from the (bonding) orbital. So, bond order = (9 - 4) / 2 = 2.5. Since the bond order decreases from 3 to 2.5, the bond length increases, not decreases. This statement is incorrect. However, the question asks for the incorrect statement among the given options, and option B is definitively incorrect based on the removal of an electron from an antibonding orbital when it should be from a bonding orbital. Let's re-evaluate D. If an electron is removed from a bonding orbital, the bond order decreases, and bond length increases. So D is also incorrect. There might be an error in the question or options provided, as both B and D appear incorrect. However, typically, when forming , the electron is removed from the highest energy bonding orbital. Let's re-check the MO diagram for CO. The HOMO is . Removing an electron from a bonding orbital decreases bond order, thus increasing bond length. So, statement D is indeed incorrect. Given the options, and assuming only one incorrect statement, let's re-examine the MO diagram. For CO, the order of MOs is . The HOMO is . So, removing an electron from CO to form means removing it from . This is a bonding orbital. Removing an electron from a bonding orbital decreases the bond order, which increases the bond length. Therefore, statement D, which says bond length decreases, is incorrect.
Comparing B and D:
Statement B: Electron removed from orbital to get . This is incorrect because the electron is removed from the (bonding) orbital.
Statement D: In the formation of from , bond length decreases. This is incorrect because removing an electron from a bonding orbital decreases bond order (from 3 to 2.5), which increases bond length.
Both B and D are incorrect statements. However, in multiple-choice questions, we often look for the most fundamentally incorrect statement or the one that directly contradicts the MO theory. The removal of an electron from for (Statement B) is a direct misidentification of the HOMO. The consequence on bond length (Statement D) is a derived property. If we assume the standard MO diagram for CO, the HOMO is . Therefore, removing an electron from (a bonding orbital) decreases the bond order from 3 to 2.5, leading to an increase in bond length. Thus, statement D is incorrect. Statement B is also incorrect because the electron is removed from a bonding orbital, not an antibonding orbital.
Let's re-evaluate the MO diagram for CO. The correct order of MOs for CO is . The HOMO is . The LUMO is .
A) : Electron added to LUMO (). Correct.
B) : Electron removed from HOMO (). Statement says removed from . Incorrect.
C) : Bond order of CO = 3. Bond order of = (10-5)/2 = 2.5. Bond order decreases, so bond length increases. Correct.
D) : Bond order of CO = 3. Bond order of = (9-4)/2 = 2.5. Bond order decreases, so bond length increases. Statement says bond length decreases. Incorrect.
Since both B and D are incorrect, there might be an issue with the question or options. However, if we must choose one, statement B makes
The electron is being removed from orbital to get from