Main axis of a diatomic molecule is , orbital and overlap with each other to form which of the following molecular orbitals?
No bond will form
— The main axis of a diatomic molecule is designated as the z-axis.The main axis of a diatomic molecule is designated as the z-axis. For effective overlap between atomic orbitals to form molecular orbitals, the orbitals must have the correct symmetry and orientation.
When the internuclear axis is the z-axis, p-orbitals can overlap in two ways:
- Head-on (axial) overlap: orbitals on two atoms overlap along the internuclear axis to form molecular orbitals.
- Sideways (lateral) overlap: orbitals on two atoms overlap sideways to form molecular orbitals, and similarly, orbitals on two atoms overlap sideways to form another set of molecular orbitals.
However, and orbitals are perpendicular to each other and also perpendicular to the orbital (which lies along the internuclear axis). Therefore, a orbital from one atom cannot effectively overlap with a orbital from another atom when the internuclear axis is the z-axis. Their symmetries do not match for effective bonding overlap.
Option Analysis:
- A) molecular orbital: molecular orbitals are formed by the sideways overlap of parallel p-orbitals (e.g., with , or with ). Overlap between and is not possible.
- B) molecular orbital: molecular orbitals are formed by head-on overlap (e.g., with , with , or with ). Overlap between and cannot form a bond.
- C) molecular orbital: molecular orbitals are formed by the quadruple overlap of d-orbitals (e.g., with ). This is not relevant for p-orbital overlap.
- D) No bond will form: Due to the orthogonal nature and different symmetries of and orbitals with respect to each other and the internuclear axis, there will be no net constructive or destructive overlap, hence no bond will form.
Correct Answer: (D)
No bond will form