Concept: Induced dipole moment arises when a nonpolar molecule is brought near a polar molecule. The electric field of the permanent dipole in the polar molecule distorts the electron cloud of the nonpolar molecule, creating a temporary, induced dipole.

Why (A) is correct:

• The strength of the induced dipole moment depends directly on the magnitude of the permanent dipole moment of the polar molecule. A stronger permanent dipole creates a stronger electric field, leading to a greater distortion of the electron cloud in the nonpolar molecule.
• It also depends on the polarizability of the electrically neutral (nonpolar) molecule. Polarizability is a measure of how easily the electron cloud of an atom or molecule can be distorted by an external electric field. Molecules with higher polarizability will develop a larger induced dipole moment for a given electric field.

Therefore, the induced dipole moment depends upon the dipole moment of the permanent dipole and the polarizability of the electrically neutral molecules.

Option Analysis:

• A) dipole moment, polarizability: This correctly identifies the two factors influencing induced dipole moment.
• B) polarizability, dipole moment: The order is incorrect. The first blank refers to the permanent dipole, and the second to the neutral molecule.
• C) polarizability, polarizability: This is incorrect as it implies both factors are polarizability, which is not true.
• D) None of these: This is incorrect as option A is correct.

Correct Answer: (A)